Following his studies in cinema at the Université de Montréal, Stéphane Thibault worked as an assistant cameraman on feature-length fiction films. In 1990 he was a participant in the television series La Course Europe-Asie - a chance for him to make close to two dozen short documentaries around the world.

In 1995 and 1996, he joined Jacques Blondin to co-produce and co-direct two mid-length documentaries, Les loups and Ne parlez jamais avec l'inconnu. Shot in Russia, the films drew highly positive reviews. Les loups was selected in the Best Video category at the Rendez-vous du cinéma québécois and Ne parlez jamais avec l'inconnu won the Award for Best Video Documentary at the Festival Internacional de Cinema de Figueira da Foz (FICFF) in Portugal.

In 1998 Thibault served as consulting director and cameraman for Bobby Kenuajuak's My Village in Nunavik. The same year, he made Le beau Jacques, a short film that sparked enthusiastic reactions at a number of international festivals. Among other awards, Le beau Jacques took home the Grand Prix, international competition, from the Festival international du documentaire de Marseille (FIDMarseille).

Thibault made his first documentary with the National Film Board of Canada in 2000. La loi et l'ordure was selected by a number of international festivals: Visions du Réel (Nyon, Switzerland), Festival du film francophone de Namur (Belgium), Festival Némo (Paris, France), Festival international du film d'environnement (Paris, France).

While pursuing his career as a documentary filmmaker, Thibault produced a number of television series (Infoman, Les francs-tireurs, Boulevard Saint-Laurent, etc.). He also produced and directed several independent short films in collaboration with Denys Desjardins (Moi, Robert Bob; Pierre et le sou - Best Short Fiction Award at the Images en vue film festival on the Magdalen Islands).

In 2002, he co-directed The Righteous with Karina Goma. Produced by the NFB, it screened at the Festival du cinéma panaméricain de Québec (FCPQ) and Rencontres internationales du documentaire de Montréal (RIDM). The Righteous received the Claude Jutra Award from the Association québécoise des critiques de cinéma (AQCC).

In 2006, Thibault renewed his highly productive partnership with Isabelle Lavigne (they had first worked together on the television series Boulevard Saint-Laurent) by making a feature documentary called Junior. For this, Thibault and Lavigne spent a year observing the ups and downs of Drakkar, a Baie-Comeau junior hockey team. The resulting documentary is a powerful behind-the-scenes look at the world of junior hockey, in which promising young players get ready to become tomorrow's household names.

Thibault and Lavigne are currently working on a documentary film project on popular Egyptian dancers. In collaboration with Julie Perron and Denys Desjardins, they are also putting the finishing touches to a short documentary on Aboriginal identity.